🍇 zkVM Adapters
Zero-Knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) Adapters are essential components of the Phad SDK that enable seamless integration of various zkVMs. These adapters allow Phad SDK to leverage the unique features of different zkVMs, such as RISC Zero and SP1, providing flexibility and scalability for diverse applications.
What are zkVM Adapters?
zkVM Adapters act as bridges between Phad SDK and different Zero-Knowledge Virtual Machines (zkVMs). They facilitate communication, data exchange, and proof generation, ensuring that computations performed by the zkVMs are verifiable and secure within the Phad SDK framework.
How zkVM Adapters Work
- Integration Layer: zkVM Adapters connect Phad SDK’s modular architecture with the specific zkVM. They handle the protocol translation and ensure compatibility between Phad SDK and the zkVM’s requirements.
- Proof Generation: When a computation is executed, the zkVM Adapter coordinates with the zkVM to generate a succinct proof that verifies the computation’s correctness without revealing the underlying data.
- Verification: The generated ZKP is then submitted to Phad SDK, which verifies the proof to ensure the computation’s integrity before updating the on-chain state.
- Interoperability: Adapters ensure that different zkVMs can work interchangeably within Phad SDK, allowing users to choose the zkVM that best fits their application’s needs.
Integrating zkVMs with Phad SDK
Phad SDK currently supports various zkVMs, including RISC Zero and SP1. Due to the modular interface of Phad SDK, new adapters can be easily built for future zkVMs.
Limitations of zkVM Adapters
For rollups using FHE modules, we recommend adopting an optimistic-like configuration, as the integration of zk provers with FHE is still a work in progress. Challenges remain in both prover time and proof size. For more details on the ongoing advancements in verifiable FHE, refer to the research by Zama on verifiable FHE bootstrapping with SNARKs and the SPARC initiative by Sight AI team.